Saturday, April 5, 2025

Are Joseph and Moses amongst sages named in Papyrus Chester Beatty IV?

by Damien F. Mackey Is there any here like Hordedef? Is there another like Imhotep? There have been none among our family like Neferti and Khety, their leader. Let me remind you the names of Ptahemdjedhuty and Khakheperreseneb. Is there another like Ptahhotep or Kaires? Papyrus Chester Beatty IV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Immortality_of_Writers “The Immortality of Writers is an Ancient Egyptian wisdom text likely to have been used as an instructional work in schools. It is recorded on the verso side of the Chester Beatty IV papyrus (BM 10684) held in the British Museum. It is notable for its rationalist skeptical outlook, even more emphatic than in the Harper's Songs, regarding an afterlife. …. The scribe advises that writings of authors provide a more sure immortality than fine tombs. …. The text is dated to the transition period between the 19th Dynasty and the 20th Dynasty. …”. My comment: Egypt’s Nineteenth Dynasty must be fused with its Twentieth Dynasty inasmuch as Ramses II ‘the Great’ was the same as Ramses so-called III. See my article: Ramses II, Ramses III (5) Ramses II, Ramses III https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/literature/authorspchb.html The immortality of the writer A Ramesside view (1200 BC) [sic] One of a group of Ramesside manuscripts from Deir el-Medina bears the longest surviving ancient Egyptian passage in praise of writing and writers as the safest means of ensuring immortality. It occurs within a longer composition urging an apprentice to persevere with writing, in the tradition of the Satire of Trades. According to this passage, whereas offering-chapels and families may not survive a thousand years, a writer is kept alive by his writings. This is not exactly the same as bodyless immortality of the name, where immortal existence consists of the memory of a person among others. The ancient Egyptian belief in immortality included the belief that the dead needed food and drink, and this was provided by the recital of the 'offering formula': the passage below reveals the concern that monuments might be destroyed, and families and friends might not be present in future generations, and that therefore individuals required a wider audience to pronounce the offering formula for their names. In Egyptology the passage is celebrated in particular for its list of famous names from the past, associated with writings (Paragraph 7 below). Of eight names, five are known from surviving compositions (Teachings of Hordedef and Ptahhotep; Khety possibly identified from the Satire of Trades; Khakheperraseneb from excerpts on one source; Prophecy of Neferty). Papyrus Chester Beatty IV (British Museum ESA 10684), verso, column 2, line 5 to column 3, line 11 Is there any here like Hordedef? Is there another like Imhotep? There have been none among our family like Neferti and Khety, their leader. Let me remind you the names of Ptahemdjedhuty and Khakheperreseneb. Is there another like Ptahhotep or Kaires? Based on what I have written recently, I can find at least one reference to Joseph here, as the celebrated sage, Imhotep: Enigmatic Imhotep – did he really exist? (6) Enigmatic Imhotep - did he really exist? And, given that another of Joseph’s alter egos was Sekhemkhet, an identification for Joseph with the wise Khety (Sekhem-khet?) might also be considered. Moses is definitely (my opinion) duplicated here, both as Hordedef (Hordjedef): Was Moses indeed a King of Egypt – albeit briefly? Was Moses indeed a King of Egypt - albeit briefly? and (see same article) as Ptahhotep.

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