“Loqmân seems to be a translation of
Balaam,
as both Hebrew baláʹ and
Arab. láqama mean to swallow”.
W. F. Albright
We have already found that the sage Loqmân (Lukman, Lokman) of the Islamic sura is based on (at least in part) as to
his wise sayings the famous sage, Ahiqar, who was the nephew of the Israelite (Naphtalian)
Tobit of the Book of Tobit:
Ahiqar and
Aesop. Part Two: Ahiqar, Aesop and Lokman
Like Mohammed, Loqmân, emerging from the unreliable Qurân, would no doubt be a non-historical character:
Further
argument for Prophet Mohammed's likely non-existence. Part Three: Qur’an
(Koran) quite unreliable
a composite, perhaps bearing likenesses to both Ahiqar, and Balaam
centuries before Ahiqar.
W. F. Abright, following Dérenbourg et al., linked Loqmân to Balaam
in his 1915 article, “The House of Balaam” (Jstor):
In 1850 Joseph Dérenbourg, in his Fables de Loqmân le Sage, following
the suggestion of Ewald and Rödiger, identified the pre-Islamic prophet, Loqmân,
mentioned
in the thirty-first sura of the Qurân, with Balaam. …. Loqmân seems to be a translation of Balaam, as
both Hebrew baláʹ and Arab. láqama mean to swallow. Translations of proper
names from Hebrew are not infrequent; e. g. the modern Tell el-Qáḍî represents the ancient Dan. In the same way, the modern name of Megiddo, which means garrison, is Lejjun =
Lat. Legio. …. Mohammedan commentators
say that Loqmân belonged to the
tribe of tribe of ‘Ad, and lived at Elath in Midian. Other reports concerning him, e.
g., that he was a Nubian freedman, and was born in the tenth year of David’s
reign, … are late inventions.
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