Wednesday, April 10, 2019

Some pointers towards a chronological revision



Image result for exodus-documentary-evidence

 
by
 
Damien F. Mackey

 

 
 

 

A budding revisionist wrote to me:

….
It’s a joy to find your work. About seven months ago, I became very interested in chronological revisionism, first concerning the exodus from Egypt and conquest of Canaan, but then more radical revisionism so that the Egyptian civilization (and others) might postdate the Flood (around 2274 BC in my estimation). I’ve read the work of David Rohl and Peter James, who appear to be “soft revisionists”- reworking the chronology so that the exodus and conquest make good sense, and I’m starting to read Donovan Courville right now. The difficulty is that I, as a non-expert, have virtually no way of evaluating the merits of these respective chronologies, especially where they diverge (concerning whether the Old Kingdom ought to undergo a radical revision and concerning the dates of the Amarna period on).
Do you have any recommendations as to where I should begin, and what work I should read first?
 
Thanks much ….

 
To which I replied (modified and updated now):
 
….
I can well appreciate how perplexing you must find the whole thing to be. There is the conventional system of which one ought to have a solid grasp, and then there are all of those quite different revised systems, none fully agreeing.
 
Peter James and David Rohl have been important, inasmuch as they have corrected some of the mistakes made by Dr. I. Velikovsky (who was a pioneer).
Peter James’s Centuries of Darkness is a classic, and ought to be read.
But I would agree with you that their (Rohl’s and James’s) revisions are “soft”, floating precariously as they do halfway between Velikovsky and convention.
 
Martin Sieff is, to my thinking, the pick of the revisionists writing in that quite productive period of the mid-late 70’s and the 80’s. Amongst the following one will find some classics of his:
 
  • “Velikovsky: The Score of Success”, SIS Newsletter 1, April 1975
  • “Velikovsky: The Open Minded Approach”, SIS Newsletter 2, September 1975
  • “In Defence of the Revised Chronology”, Peter James & Martin Sieff, SIS Review v1 No. 1, January 1976
  • “Diana at Ephesus”, Martin Sieff assisted by Peter James, SIS Review v1 No. 2, Spring 1976
  • “Planets in the Bible: I — The Cosmology of Job”, SIS Review v1 No. 4, Spring 1977
  • “The Two Jehorams”, SIS Review v2 No. 3, Special Issue 1977/78
  • “Velikovsky and His Heroes”, SIS Review v5 No. 4, 1984
  • “The Bible Through a King James Filter”, SIS Workshop no. 1, March 1978
  • “Book Review”, SIS Workshop no. 4, February 1979
  • “The Father of the Gods?”, SIS Workshop vol.3 No.2, October 1980
  • “Voyager: Questions and Answers”, SIS Workshop vol.3 No. 3, January 1981
  • “The Hittites in Israel”, SIS Workshop vol.4 No.1, July 1981
  • “Assyria and the End of the Late Bronze Age”, SIS Workshop vol.4 No. 2, September 1981
  • “Limited Fusion” and “Anode-Stars”, SIS Workshop vol.4 No. 3, December 1981
  • “The Emerging Revision of Ancient History: Recent Research”, Velikovskian vol. 2 No. 1, 1994
  • “The History Of The Revisionist Debate: A Personal View”, Velikovskian vol. 3 No. 4, 1997
  • “The Road to Iron: 8th and 7th Century Metallurgy and the Decline of Egyptian Power”, Catastrophism & Ancient History, Volume IV, Part 2, July 1982
  • “Scarab in the Dust: Egypt in the Time of the Twenty-First Dynasty”, Catastrophism& Ancient History, Volume VII, Part 2, July 1985
  • “The Libyans in Egypt: Resolving the Third Intermediate Period”, Catastrophism& Ancient History, Volume VIII, Part 1, January 1986
  • “Assyrians, Sodom, and Red Herrings”, Catastrophism & Ancient History, Volume X, Part 1, January 1988
  • “The Oracle of Cadmus”, Catastrophism & Ancient History, Proceedings of the Second Seminar of Catastrophism and Ancient History (Held Dec 1983)) 1985
  • “The Chaldeans of Sumer”, Aeon vol.1 No. 2, Feb 1988
  • “The Hyksos Were Not Assyrians”, Aeon vol.1 No.4, Jul 1988
  • “Remembering Velikovsky”, Aeon vol.4 No. 2, Aug 1995
     
    Dr. Courville is very good, systematic, but rather heavy going. He, too, was a pioneer and stands in need of some modifications.
    But he will generally set you on quite a good path.

    There are some anchors that I personally would insist upon, and you will find these within my articles at Academia.edu
    To summarise some to these:
     
    Bringing early Egyptian history into line with the Bible, especially using the perceptive stratigraphy of Dr. John Osgood for the period of Abram (Abraham).
    See e.g. my article:
     
    Better archaeological model for Abraham
     
     
    Also, and most importantly, the Middle Bronze I people as the Exodus Israelites:
     
    The Bible Illuminates History and Philosophy. Part Seven: Middle Bronze I Israelites
     
     
     
Dr. Courville has missed the compelling link between Joseph of Egypt and the genius Vizier Imhotep. See my attempt to correct this in my series:
 
Moses – may be staring revisionists right in the face
 
beginning with Part One:
 
 
Velikovsky’s thesis that the United Kingdom of Israel and Egypt’s 18th dynasty were contemporaneous, with Hatshepsut as the Queen of Sheba and Thutmose III as the biblical Shishak.
See e.g. my articles (for Hatshepsut):
 
 
and (for Thutmose III):
 
 
 
Dr. Velikovsky’s vitally important connections of El Amarna’s kings of Amurru with biblical kings of Syria (in Ages in Chaos, I).

Peter James’s important correcting of El Amarna’s Abdi-hiba of Urusalim (Velikovsky’s king Jehoshaphat) to Jehoshaphat’s son, Jehoram, instead. See e.g. my series on this:
 
 
 
and:
 
 


 
Another certain thing, the conventional view of Ramses II as a contemporary of Moses is hopelessly wrong. See e.g. my articles:
 
The Exodus in need of a realistic time-frame
 
 
and:
 
New Revision for Ramses II
 
 
Highly important (at least I think), too, is the synchronisation of king Sennacherib’s loss of his massive Assyrian army in Israel at the time of the heroine Judith, and narrated in the Book of Judith. See e.g. my article:
 

 
 
 
I hope that this will be of some use to you ….
 
My best regards,
Damien.




Part Two: Supplementing Part One


 
 


Dr. John Osgood appears to have nailed the archaeological period for


the oppressor king, Cushan-rishathaim of Judges 3:8.



 


Patriarch Abram (Abraham), archaeologically, needs to be located to the stratigraphical era of the Late Chalcolithic/Early Bronze I, and not to Middle Bronze I (MBI) - as is generally thought - where he would displace the Exodus Israelites, the true MBI people of half a millennium later.


 


The best fit for the “new king” of Exodus 1:8, early in the life of Moses, is, I think, pharaoh Amenemhet (Amenemes) I, the founder of the Twelfth Dynasty (Middle Kingdom, so-called). See e.g. my article:


 


Twelfth Dynasty oppressed Israel


 




 


And see the following articles for the archaeology of:


 




 




 


Eglon's Jericho


 




 




 




 


Who was Hiel? For my preferred candidate see:


 


Hiel's Jericho. Part Two (a): Who was this “Hiel of Bethel”?


 




 


Dr. John Osgood appears to have nailed the archaeological period for the oppressor king, Cushan Rishathaim of Judges 3:8. See his important stratigraphical article on this:


 


The Times of the Judges—The Archaeology:



 



(b) Settlement and Apostasy



 




 


Regarding Egypt, the United Kingdom of Israel’s kings, Saul, David and Solomon synchronise with the early Eighteenth Dynasty, from Ahmose I down to Thutmose III.


Regarding Mesopotamia, David and Solomon were contemporaneous with Shamsi-Adad I of Assyria, Zimri-Lim of Mari, and Hammurabi of Babylon: See my series:


 


Hammurabi and Zimri-Lim as Contemporaries of Solomon


 


commencing with:


 




 


Most of these Mesopotamian and Syrian kings have biblical identities.


 


Dr. I. Velikovsky had re-located the era of the El Amarna (EA) correspondence (pharaohs Amenhotep III and IV) to the time of the Divided Kingdom of Israel, the time of Ben-Hadad I and Hazael of Syria, and King Ahab of Israel.


 


My choice for King Ahab in EA is Lab’ayu, ruler of northern Israel:


 


King Ahab in El Amarna


 




 


See same article for my identification of the only female EA correspondent, Baalat-neše, with the biblical Queen Jezebel.


 


I have long held the view that the:


 


Assyrian King Sargon II [was] Otherwise Known As Sennacherib


 




 


For a radical revision of the era of King Hezekiah of Judah - the time of King Sennacherib’s demise - down to the Babylonian Captivity, and on into the Medo-Persian period, see my article:


 




 




 


This revision of the later kings of Judah ought to be read in conjunction with my revision of the neo-Assyrian-Babylonian kings:


 


Aligning Neo Babylonia with Book of Daniel. Part One: Shortening the Chaldean Dynasty


 




 


and:


 


Aligning Neo-Babylonia with Book of Daniel. Part Two: Merging late neo-Assyrians with Chaldeans


 




 


 


 


 

 
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